Multi-field modelling and temperature rise analysis for the pantograph-catenary contact of metro train during a temporary stop

Metro trains are a type of electrical multiple unit (EMU) that obtain energy through electrical contact between the pantograph strip and the contact wire. When a metro train arrives at a station or temporarily halts on the track, the catenary system must maintain the supply of electrical current to support for essential functions such as air conditioning, illumination, door operation, braking, startup, and other onboard devices. However, due to the presence of contact resistance, concentrated Joule heating is generated the interface of the pantograph-catenary system when electrical current flows through it. This static contact condition can lead to overheating, which may result in thermal damage to the pantograph strip and potentially cause wire breakage accidents. Therefore, investigating the temperature rise at the pantograph-catenary contact when the train halts is crucial. The characteristics of the contact force, contact resistance, and thermal conductivity within the pantograph-catenary system indicate that this contact represents a complex interaction involving thermal, mechanical, and electrical behaviors. Consequently, a multi-field coupled model is required. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model that incorporates the thermal-mechanical-electrical interactions of the pantograph-catenary contact is proposed. Based on this model, simulations of the temperature rise during static contact between the pantograph strip and the contact wire is simulated to examine, examining the effects of contact force, contact resistance, thermal conductivity, and the wear condition of the contact wire. The model and analytical results presented in this paper provide valuable insights for the parameter design and optimization of the pantograph-catenary system.