Parietal Cell Antibody Levels Among Chronic Gastritis Patients in a Country With Low Helicobacter pylori Infection: Epidemiology, Histopathological Features, and H. pylori Infection

This study demonstrates that the incidence of gastritis without H. pylori infection in Indonesia is not attributable to AIG, as only a single AIG-positive case was found. These findings underscore the important role of H. pylori as a pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and highlight its mechanisms in triggering immune responses and driving disease progression and histopathological changes.