Time–Frequency Characteristics of Electromagnetic Force and Vibration in Synchronous Generator End Winding Consideration Load Variation

Thermal power generation undertakes more tasks of peak and frequency regulation in new power systems. The load of generators is more complicated, and significant differences exist in the mechanical characteristic of the end winding under different loads. Thermal power generation increasingly plays a crucial role in peak and frequency regulation within modern power systems. The operational complexity of generators has increased, revealing significant variations in the mechanical characteristics of the synchronous generator end winding under different load conditions. This paper proposes a theoretical model for the rapid calculation of electromagnetic force on the stator end winding under different load conditions. Different from previous research, the proposed model accommodates load variations, including both amplitude and composition changes. The FEA Simulation and the experiment are conducted on a 5 kW non-salient synchronous generator. The key advantages of proposed model are its ability to quickly evaluate the end winding loading state, and applicable to various peak balancing scenarios for generator sets. Additionally, the model calculation error in predicting dominant 2 nd harmonic amplitude of the electromagnetic force does not exceed 10%. The study also identifies vulnerable winding positions through mechanical responses calculation. This research offers valuable insights for vibration suppression and extending the service life of generator end windings.