Effect of polyethylene fiber orientation on fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars

Statement of problem Polyethylene fibers have been reported to improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, but their optimal orientation is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different fiber positions and orientations on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolar teeth. Material and methods One hundred endodontically treated maxillary premolars were divided into 2 groups according to the cavity design, mesio-occluso-distal and occluso-buccal, and each group was divided into 5 subgroups (n=10) according to the polyethylene fiber orientation on the pulpal floor: unidirectional horizontal (from mesial to distal), unidirectional vertical (from buccal to palatal), bidirectional (buccopalatal and mesiodistal), circular (around the walls), and without fibers (control group). The cavities were restored with fiber-reinforced composite resin and conventional composite resin. All the teeth were fractured with a universal testing machine and analyzed as catastrophic failure or reparable failure. A 1-way ANOVA was used to compare fracture strength values (α=.05). Results The tested groups with different fiber orientations showed significantly higher fracture load than the control group (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was observed among the fiber orientations (P>.05). Most of the favorable fractures were occlusal to the cemento-enamel junction, and adhesive failure were seen in the mesio-occluso-distal and occluso-buccal cavities. The highest percentage of unfavorable fractures and mixed failures was observed in the control group. Conclusions The fiber orientation pattern in the mesio-occluso-distal and occluso-buccal cavities did not differ significantly in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolar teeth.