Optimal scheduling of zero-carbon integrated energy system considering long- and short-term energy storages, demand response, and uncertainty

Solving the mismatch between supply and demand is the key to promoting the integration and coupling of a high proportion of renewable energy and terminals and achieving an efficient and economically superior low-carbon integrated energy system. However, existing studies have some limitations in achieving economy, high-energy efficiency, and zero carbon simultaneously. Therefore, this study proposes a coordinated optimization method considering long- and short-term hydrogen energy storages, demand response, and multiple uncertainties and establishes a multi-time scale scheduling model for a zero-carbon-hydrogen-based integrated energy system. In the day-ahead dispatching stage, an interval optimization model is used to consider the multiple uncertainties of the hydrogen-based integrated energy system and introduce a price-based demand response mechanism. In the intra-day scheduling stage, the uncertainty of renewable energy output and load demand is considered to realize scenario generation and reduction, and an incentive-based demand response mechanism is introduced. The results show that the proposed optimization method can reduce the system cost by 5.02 % and system waste energy by 44.45 %. Moreover, the system has zero carbon emissions.