Multi-objective concurrent optimization of antenna array parameters for 5G applications

The escalating demand for high performance in wireless communication systems has led to the replacement of single antennas with antenna arrays for transmission or reception.An antenna array is typically a group of two or more similar antennas, which function as a single antenna.Due to this, antenna arrays offer higher gain, directivity, signal to noise ratio (SNR), agility and low side lobe level (SLL) [1].SLL resembles the peak level of minor lobe compared to the main lobe level.It forms one of the key parameters in measurement of antenna array performance.Side lobes usually occur in the direction other than the desired beam direction, making it unwanted and creating interference.*Author for correspondence Lower the SLL, lower the power wastage and lower the interference with other radiating elements [2].This increases the efficiency of antenna array.Lowering the SLL has thus become a prime target for antenna array designers, specifically in technologies like fifth-generation mobile systems, to achieve higher spectral efficiency and signal-to-interference ratio [3].Among the different techniques aimed at SLL reduction, excitation control is the most common technique, in which the elemental excitations to the antenna array are chosen to achieve the output pattern with desired side-lobe levels.Simple excitation tapering techniques such as Chebyshev and Taylor amplitude distributions reduce the SLL considerably but are not very effective as they require large array size for a desired radiation Research