A fast yet accurate multiphysics thermal runaway model for a cylindrical lithium-ion battery module

This paper proposes a fast yet accurate 3D multiphysics thermal runaway (TR) model for lithium-ion battery modules to overcome the computational challenges of conventional TR models. The model aggregates the heat generation of cell components into a single governing equation, which results in a 10-fold reduction in computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. This innovative simplification ensures accurate coupling of nonlinear multiphysics in TR of a lithium-ion battery, enabling fast and precise estimation of temperature and pressure evolution of lithium-ion battery modules during TR. Extensive experimental validation confirms the robustness, accuracy, and generality of the proposed model, making the proposed model adaptable to various types of lithium-ion batteries through simple parameter calibration. This study also offers a novel design-enabling solution by providing a new metric for evaluating TR hazards and optimizing module configurations, saving both time and cost in experimental trials. This comprehensive approach offers valuable insights into the mitigation of TR propagation through enhanced thermal insulation and optimal module design.