连翘
生物
交替链格孢
植物
过敏反应
斑点
叶绿体
生长素
叶斑病
细胞生物学
程序性细胞死亡
基因
生物化学
医学
金银花
细胞凋亡
替代医学
病理
中医药
作者
Wangjun Yuan,Zhonghu He,Suping Zhang,Yi Zheng,Xiaoqian Zhang,Sheqi He,Yan-Xia He,Y. X. Li
出处
期刊:Tree Physiology
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2023-05-12
卷期号:43 (9): 1641-1652
标识
DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpad060
摘要
Abstract Weeping forsythia is an important ornamental, ecological and medicinal plant. Brown leaf spots limit the large-scale production of weeping forsythia as a medicinal crop. Alternaria alternata is a pathogen causing brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia; however, its pathogenesis and the immune response mechanisms of weeping forsythia remain unclear. In this study, we identified two mechanisms based on morphological anatomy, physiological indexes and gene expression analyses. Our results showed that A. alternata induced leaf stomata to open, invaded the mesophyll, dissolved the cell wall, destroyed the cell membrane and decreased the number of chloroplasts by up-regulating the expression of auxin-activated signaling pathway genes. Alternaria alternata also down-regulated iron-ion homeostasis and binding-related genes, which caused an increase in the levels of iron ions and reactive oxygen species in leaves. These processes eventually led to programmed cell death, destroying palisade and spongy tissues and causing the formation of iron rust spots. Alternaria alternata also caused defense and hypersensitive responses in weeping forsythia through signaling pathways mediated by flg22-like and elf18-like polypeptides, ethylene, H2O2 and bacterial secretion systems. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the control of brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia.
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