催化作用
生物量(生态学)
原材料
化学
碳纤维
磺酸
生物柴油生产
有机化学
生物柴油
化学工程
材料科学
海洋学
复合数
工程类
复合材料
地质学
作者
Nidhi Yadav,Gaurav Yadav,Md. Ahmaruzzaman
摘要
Abstract Sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC) catalysts have specific surface characteristics owing to the presence of two types of functional groups: SO 3 H (sulfonic) and oxygen‐containing functional groups (COOH and OH groups). Oxygen‐containing functional groups provide a synergistic effect to the sulfonic group, resulting in a high total acid density and enhanced catalytic activity of SPAC. Owing to the high acid density, SPAC catalysts are used for various applications such as organic transformations, electrocatalysis and water treatment. The natural abundance of raw materials, easy processing for catalyst fabrication, excellent catalytic performance and high thermal and chemical stability make SPAC cost‐effective and environmentally benign. Biomass‐derived heterogeneous catalysts possess unique surface characteristics, high reusability and low cost owing to their easy accessibility, along with various environmental benefits. This review demonstrates biodiesel production using oleic acid as a feedstock material catalyzed by biomass‐derived SPAC catalysts. Additionally, various parameters such as catalyst synthetic parameters, esterification reaction parameters, the esterification reaction mechanism and catalytic stability, which affect the catalytic performance and esterification efficacy, are discussed. Finally, the future scope for developing novel SPAC catalysts has been demonstrated for young researchers in this field. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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