MOF-derived sandwich-structured dual Z-Scheme Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe hollow nanocages heterojunction: Target-induced ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos

Exploring efficient photoactive material presents an intriguing opportunity to enhance the analytical performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor in the environmental analysis. In this work, a sandwich-structured multi-interface Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe QDs dual Z-Scheme heterojunction, derived from metal-organic framework (MOF), was synthesized as a sensing platform for chlorpyrifos detection, by integrating with enzyme-induced in situ insoluble precipitates strategy. The meticulously designed Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe QDs exhibited enhanced charge separation efficiency and was proved to be a highly effective sensing platform for the immobilization of biomolecules, attributing to the intrinsic dual Z-Scheme heterojunction and the distinctive hollow structure. The proposed PEC sensing platform combined with enzyme-induced in situ precipitate signal amplification strategy achieved superior performance for sensing of chlorpyrifos (CPF), showing in wide linear range (1.0 pg mL−1 ∼ 100 ng mL−1), with a limit of detection (0.6 pg mL−1), excellent selectivity, and stability. This work offers valuable insights for the design of novel advanced photoactive materials aimed at detecting environmental pollutants with low level concentration.