Revolutionizing drug evaluation system with organ-on-a-chip and artificial intelligence: A critical review

Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) and artificial intelligence (AI) are among the radical shifts that are being experienced in the use of innovation in the pharmaceutical industries at the moment. This review assesses how these novel paradigms may be integrated to transform the drug assessment processes in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors. Organ-on-a-chip, which can be defined as a microphysiological system that integrates the physiological and pathological states of human organs, is a more adequate model for drug testing than 2D culture and animal models. At the same time, AI adds to the OoC platforms more enhanced processing, analytical, and predictive capabilities, as well as automatic working modes. AI assists in the task of parsing the amount of biological information that OoC systems generate, thus increasing the speed and accuracy of success and toxicity of drugs. This review article demonstrates the current state of OoC and AI systems, discusses the practical use of drug approvals, highlights the challenges that have been overcome, and outlines opportunities for future research. Finally, this article discusses the opportunities arising from the integration of OoC and AI in drug research and development, emphasizing the potential to enhance personalized treatments for complex diseases.