Modular Membrane-Anchored Photosensitizer with Two-Photon Activated Type-I Electron Transfer for Potentiated Tumor Therapy

) generation under hypoxic. Crucially, NPPy's spatially confined reactive oxygen species production directly triggers apoptosis through plasma membrane disruption, validated by significant tumor regression in vivo. This work establishes NPPy as a versatile platform for hypoxic-tolerant photodynamic therapy (PDT) and provides a rational design blueprint for modular PSs that simultaneously address subcellular precision, deep-tissue penetration, and aqueous compatibility key hurdles in precision oncology.