[Prediction on the cardio-cerebrovascular death and probability of premature death caused by common risk factors in China in 2030].

Objective: Predictive models were used to evaluate the impact of common risk factors on the number of cardio-cerebrovascular deaths and the probability of premature death. Methods: Using the data for China estimated by the Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (GBD 2015), we calculated the population attribution fraction (PAF) of risk factors. The proportional change model was used to estimate the number of unattributable deaths by 2030, and to predict the number of deaths, mortality, standardized mortality and probability of premature death by 2030. Results: According to the natural change trend of risk factors from 1990 to 2015, the number of deaths and mortality would reach 6.12 million and 428.53/100 000 by 2030, with an increase of 59.92% and 52.87%. By 2030, the probability of premature death from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese aged 30-70 years old would continue to decline, from 11.43% to 11.28% for men, and from 5.79% to 4.43% for women. If the goals of all included risk factors were reached by 2030, 2 289 200 cardio-cerebrovascular deaths would be avoided. If only the exposure to a single risk factor was achieved by 2030, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fine particulate matter exposure were the three most important factors affecting cardio-cerebrovascular deaths, which would reduce 1 332 800, 609 100 and 306 800 deaths, respectively. Among the involved risk factors, the control of blood pressure would mostly decrease the number of deaths due to ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke, about 677 300 and 391 100 deaths, accordingly. Conclusion: The control of risk factors is of great significance in reducing deaths and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. If the control targets of all risk factors could be achieved by 2030, the burden of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases would be reduced greatly.目的： 采用预测模型评估实现我国常见危险因素对2030年我国心脑血管疾病死亡及早死概率的影响。 方法： 利用2015年全球疾病负担估算的中国数据，计算各个危险因素的人群归因分值，采用比例变化模型估计2030年我国心脑血管疾病的不可归因死亡例数，并预测2030年该疾病的死亡例数、死亡率、标化死亡率和早死概率。 结果： 根据危险因素在1990—2015年的自然变化趋势，2030年我国心脑血管疾病的死亡例数（612.44万例）和死亡率（428.53/10万）较2015年将分别增长59.92%和52.87%；2030年我国男性和女性心脑血管疾病的早死概率均呈持续下降的趋势，男性由11.43%降至11.28%，女性由5.79%降至4.43%。如果到2030年所纳入危险因素全部达标，可避免228. 92万例心脑血管疾病患者死亡。在单个危险因素控制达标的情况下，血压、总胆固醇和细颗粒物暴露是对心脑血管疾病死亡数影响最大的3个因素，可分别减少死亡133.28、60.91和30.68万例。其中，血压控制对缺血性心脏病和出血性脑卒中死亡的贡献最大，分别可减少67.73和39.11万例的死亡。 结论： 危险因素的控制对降低心脑血管疾病死亡的意义较大，如果2030年所有危险因素的控制目标均实现，可降低心脑血管的疾病负担。.