Micro X‐Ray Fluorescence and X‐Ray Absorption near Edge Structure Analysis of Heavy Metals in Micro‐organism

Micro-organisms which participate in nearly all biochemical reactions exist widely in the environment. They play an important role in the dissolution, migration, transformation, and precipitation of heavy metals. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) develop alongside synchrotron (SR) technology, which can be applied to understand the distribution, migration, and transformation of heavy metals. XRF and XAS analysis techniques play important roles in revealing the mechanism of heavy metals migration between water, soils, plants, and gases. In the environment, heavy metal pollution is a serious problem. However, it is well known that microbial remediation is highly efficient and indispensable in repairing heavy metal pollution. XRF and XRS analysis techniques have obvious advantages in the analysis of environmental biological samples, especially in microbial samples. Most analysis methods require pretreatment the sample to create a uniform composition.