Recent development in black garlic: Nutraceutical applications and health-promoting phytoconstituents

The objective of this review focus on black garlic (BG) extract structural composition, and functional foods reduce the risk of developing disease rather than prevent or have pharmacology action. The different groups of health-promoting phytoconstituents such as total phenolics, S-allyl cysteine, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are present 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural and its strong antioxidant components were present in BG, compared with raw garlic. This review demonstrated various ameliorative properties of BG with molecular mechanisms, regulation of lipid metabolism, free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, alleviation of insulin resistance, and reducing blood glucose as well as pharmacological applications in animals and cell lines. Further, the recent scientific advances about therapeutic and industrial applications of BG are summarized. This review summarizes and discusses up-dated information on molecular mechanisms underlying and biological activities of BG with potential applications in the treatment of chronic diseases for improving human health.