电合成
石油化工
化学工业
可再生能源
电
化石燃料
生化工程
二氧化碳
环境科学
碳纤维
废物管理
化学
计算机科学
环境工程
电化学
工程类
有机化学
算法
物理化学
电气工程
复合数
电极
作者
Phil De Luna,Christopher Hahn,Drew Higgins,Shaffiq A. Jaffer,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Edward H. Sargent
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2019-04-26
卷期号:364 (6438)
被引量:1620
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.aav3506
摘要
Electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into chemical feedstocks offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions by shifting the chemical industry away from fossil fuel dependence. We provide a technoeconomic and carbon emission analysis of possible products, offering targets that would need to be met for economically compelling industrial implementation to be achieved. We also provide a comparison of the projected costs and CO2 emissions across electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and fossil fuel-derived production of chemical feedstocks. We find that for electrosynthesis to become competitive with fossil fuel-derived feedstocks, electrical-to-chemical conversion efficiencies need to reach at least 60%, and renewable electricity prices need to fall below 4 cents per kilowatt-hour. We discuss the possibility of combining electro- and biocatalytic processes, using sequential upgrading of CO2 as a representative case. We describe the technical challenges and economic barriers to marketable electrosynthesized chemicals.
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