SERS activated platform with three-dimensional hot spots and tunable nanometer gap

Hot spots have been considered as a dominant role in surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS). Its generation cannot be separated from the ultra-small nanogaps, which will tremendously contribute to the strong electromagnetic field. We propose a AgNPs/graphene@AuNPs system with three-dimensional hot spots and tunable nanometer gap by changing the layer of graphene with a simple and facile method. The excellent SERS behaviors of the proposed AgNPs/graphene@AuNPs substrate are demonstrated experimentally using rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV) as probe molecules and theoretically using commercial COMSOL software. The excellent SERS behaviors can be attributed to the electromagnetic mechanism (EM) in all three dimensions introduced by the lateral nanogaps (AgNP-AgNP) and the vertical nanogaps (AgNP-AuNPs), and the chemical enhancement mechanism (CM) induced by the graphene film. For practical application, the prepared sensitive AgNPs/graphene@AuNPs SERS substrate was used to detect Malachite green (MG) in sea water, which provides a bran-new avenue for the detection of biological and chemical molecule.