Comparative efficacy of energy‐restricted dietary interventions in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Abstract This meta‐analysis compared the effectiveness of different energy‐restricted diets on body composition, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese populations. Five databases were searched to identify relevant studies in English from inception until July 20, 2023, for randomized controlled trials of at least 2 weeks duration assessing the effects of continuous energy‐restricted diets compared with any intermittent energy‐restricted diet in obesity adults. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2.0, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. A non‐informative prior distribution Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted. Thirty‐eight studies (3039 participants) assessing four energy‐restricted diets were included. Three RCTs were at high risk of bias with a very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Combined with pairwise comparisons and surface under the cumulative ranking curve, alternate‐day fasting may be the best energy restriction regimen with the potential to have the most beneficial effects on various aspects of the obesity population. More rigorously designed and long‐term follow‐up studies are warranted.