Bacteria-nanodrug cancer treatment system: The combination of dual swords and the confrontation of needle tips

Cancer remains a formidable health challenge due to the limitations and toxic side effects associated with conventional treatment approaches. Recent research in the field of tumor microbiota has revealed the significant role bacteria play within tumors. The unique characteristics of bacteria position them as potential carriers for anticancer therapies. This is due to their ability to accumulate within tumor tissues, target the blood-brain barrier, and thrive in hypoxic environments. Meanwhile, the exploration of bacteria within the tumor microenvironment has gained momentum, with targeting key intratumoral bacteria becoming a central focus in cancer therapy. Moreover, multifunctional nanoparticles are increasingly prominent in cancer treatment strategies. This is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, customizable properties, and precise targeting capabilities. These nanoparticles are not only being more widely adopted but are also maturing in application, positioning them as an optimal choice for cancer treatment. This article offers an overview of strategies that utilize bacteria as carriers to deliver nanodrugs for targeted tumor therapy. It also delves into the advantages and potential of these strategies in designing intelligent drug delivery systems. Emphasizing the impact of the tumor's internal bacterial environment on cancer, the article focuses on the utilization of nanodrugs to target key tumor-associated bacteria for effective cancer treatment. The findings presented carry practical value and provide a reference for the development of innovative cancer therapies based on nanodrugs and bacteria.