Green Biosynthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Seed: Characterization, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

Abstract Primary objective of this research was to examine the biogenic production of TiO 2 NPs using Brassica juncea (L.) Czern seed and investigate the prospective uses of thus synthesized nanoparticles in the area of biomedicine. The synthesized TiO 2 NPs were subjected to characterization using several analytical methods namely TEM, UV‐vis, XRD, FE‐SEM, FTIR and EDAX. The average particle size (TEM) is found to be 38 nm, exhibiting irregular shapes. The FT‐IR spectra indicated that the extract contains functional groups, such as polyphenolic, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, which are likely responsible for formation of nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized TiO 2 NPs against breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) and lung cells (A549) are shown to be dosage dependent. The inhibitory doses (IC 50 ) were determined to be 43.98 μg/mL and 74.50 μg/mL on MCF‐7 and A549 cells, respectively. Green synthesized TiO 2 NPs were assessed for antioxidant activity inhibition rate (DPPH 89.42 %). TiO 2 NPs exhibited a maximal zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus 23±0.20 mm against and 20±0.30 against Klebsiella pneumoniae at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating strong antibacterial activity. The findings suggest Brassica juncea (L.) Czern seed encapsulated TiO 2 NPs possesses excellent biological applications which can be explored for its application in pharmaceutical field.