Construction and characterization of 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-Ascorbic acid-loaded silver and manganese dioxide nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity study, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities

Nanomaterials are increasingly recognized for their potential in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing and characterizing multifunctional silver (Ag) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with 5,6-O-Isopropylidene- l -Ascorbic Acid (IAA), a vitamin C derivative. The primary objective was to evaluate their potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and anticancer applications. The nanocomposites were synthesized using chemical methods and characterized using FTIR, 1 H NMR, Mass spectroscopy, UV–vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM . Results demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity , with inhibition zones ranging from 30 to 40 mm for Ag NPs-IAA and 14–33 mm for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 4–32 μg/mL and 16–64 μg/mL for Ag NPs-IAA and MnO₂ NPs-IAA, respectively. Antibiofilm activity reached 89 % for Ag NPs-IAA and 82 % for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. Antioxidant activity , assessed via DPPH scavenging, showed significant enhancement upon IAA loading, achieving 86.31 % for Ag NPs-IAA and 81.35 % for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. Cytotoxicity studies against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines revealed that the nanocomposites inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These findings highlight the significant potential of IAA-encapsulated Ag NPs and MnO₂ NPs in antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies, paving the way for advanced therapeutic nanomaterials. • Ag and MnO₂ NPs coated with IAA were synthesized and characterized using advanced techniques. • Ag NPs-IAA (30–40 mm) and MnO₂ NPs-IAA (14–33 mm) showed strong antibacterial activity. • MIC values: 4–32 μg/mL (Ag NPs-IAA) and 16–64 μg/mL (MnO₂ NPs-IAA). • Biofilm inhibition: 89% (Ag NPs-IAA) and 82% (MnO₂ NPs-IAA). • DPPH scavenging: 86.31% (Ag NPs-IAA) and 81.35% (MnO₂ NPs-IAA), showing strong antioxidant activity. • Cytotoxicity studies confirmed apoptosis induction in MCF-7 and PC-3 cells.