Macrophage Vesicles‐Loaded NIR‐II AIEgens for Precise In Situ Fluorescence Imaging of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Precise diagnosis of atherosclerosis (AS) is a crucial strategy for reducing acute cardiovascular events. Herein, a macrophage membrane (MM)‐camouflaged biomimetic vesicle loaded with near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) (P4TT@MM) is proposed to achieve localized in vivo imaging of atherosclerosis. The AIEgens characteristics of P4TT@MM effectively compensate for the fluorescence intensity decrease caused by the intramolecular torsional charge transfer (TICT) effect, even in foam cell‐rich lesions. Benefiting from the biomimetic camouflage of MM and its strong affinity for atherosclerotic plaques, P4TT@MM enables precise targeting of lesion sites, successfully achieving high‐contrast imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and aortas of the AS mice model. Compared with free P4TT, the NIR‐II fluorescence intensity of P4TT@MM is increased by 140% in carotid arteries and 152% in aortas, respectively. Moreover, the P4TT@MM demonstrates robust biocompatibility combined with significant clinical translation potential. This study may present a promising tool for the clinical diagnosis of AS.