Enhance the Photosynthetic and Color Performances of Multi-Primary White Light-Emitting Diodes for the Indoor Farming

The GaN-based white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) increase the possibility of realizing an ideal spectrum for the growth of plants. At the same time, high photosynthetic action of white LEDs is very crucial for the plant lighting to increase the crops productivity in the indoor artificial lighting plant factory. In this paper, via designing a non-linear program (NLP) based on the common genetic algorithm (GA), we are capable of conducting the comprehensive spectral optimization for realizing high photosynthetic action of multi-primary white LEDs (from three-primary to five-primary) under three different correlated color temperatures (CCTs, 2700 K, 4500 K, and 6500 K, respectively) while taking the color rendering performances, such as Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color rendering index (CRI, R_a ), two special color rendering indices ( R ₉ and R ₁₂ ) and Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) TM-30 ( R_f and R_g ), and color quality scale (CQS, Q_a ) into account. In addition, these mentioned performances are compared among different primary numbers, CCTs, and spectral bandwidths in the multi-primary LEDs. Finally, we believe that the obtained relevant results presented here could provide a useful guidance for the achievement of high photosynthetic and excellent color performance lighting for the indoor farming.