Efficient Two-Photon Fluorescence Nanoprobe for Turn-On Detection and Imaging of Ascorbic Acid in Living Cells and Tissues

Ascorbic acid (AA) serves as a key coenzyme in many metabolic pathways, and its abnormal level is found to be associated with several diseases. Therefore, monitoring AA level in living systems is of great biomedical significance. In comparison with one-photon excited fluorescent probes, two-photon (TP) excited probes are more suitable for bioimaging, as they could afford higher imaging resolution with deeper imaging depth. Here, we report for the first time an efficient TP fluorescence probe for turn-on detection and imaging of AA in living cells and tissues. In this nanosystem, the negatively charged two-photon nanoparticles (TPNPs), which were prepared by modifying the silica nanoparticles with a two-photon dye, could adsorb cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanoflakes which carried positive charge by electrostatic force, leading to a remarkable decrease in their fluorescence intensity. However, the introduction of AA could induce the fluorescence recovery of the nanoprobe because it could reduce CoOOH into Co(2+) and result in the destruction of the CoOOH nanoflakes. The nanosystem exhibits a high sensitivity toward AA, with a LOD of 170 nM observed. It also shows high selectivity toward AA over common potential interfering species. The nanoprobe possessed both the advantages of TP imaging and excellent membrane-permeability and good biocompatibility of the silica nanoparticles and was successfully applied in TP-excited imaging of AA in living cells and tissues.