阴极
五氧化二铁
功率密度
材料科学
电池(电)
储能
离子键合
钒
普鲁士蓝
能量密度
电化学
纳米技术
氧化钒
电化学储能
工程物理
化学
离子
电极
功率(物理)
超级电容器
物理化学
冶金
工程类
物理
热力学
有机化学
作者
Zhenrui Wu,Jian Zou,Shulin Chen,Xiaobin Niu,Jian Liu,Liping Wang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229307
摘要
Since 2004, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have shown the merits of high energy densities and high power densities at low costs. To further improve their overall performance, it is essential to understand the requirements for cathodes in KIBs and screen out structures targeting at accommodating large-sized K ions. In this review, reported KIB cathodes are classified according to their chemistries, crystal structures, and ionic storage mechanisms. For each category, electrochemical properties are compared in detail; advantages/disadvantages are given. Regarding the critical criteria for practical applications (low cost, long cycling lifespan, high energy density, and high power density), Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are the most suitable KIB cathodes now with a specific energy density of 535 Wh kg−1 in half cells. Other cathodes such as tunnel-type manganese oxide, bilayered vanadium pentoxide, and some organic compounds also exhibit a stable energy density of >500 Wh kg−1. The development of KIB cathode materials has enriched the fundamental understanding of materials design, synthesis, and ionic storage mechanisms. However, it is still a challenge nowadays to develop competitive high energy density KIB cathodes with a stable and long cycling life.
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