高促性腺激素缺乏症
医学
不育
选择性雌激素受体调节剂
男性不育
生殖医学
芳香化酶
怀孕
妇科
三苯氧胺
产科
内科学
激素
乳腺癌
癌症
生物
遗传学
作者
Arif Kalkanlı,Hakan Akdere,Gökhan Çevik,Emre Salabaş,Nusret Can Çilesiz,Ateş Kadıoğlu
标识
DOI:10.2174/1381612826666201102110456
摘要
Background: Medical treatments are used either alone or in combination with assisted reproductive techniques for the treatment of infertile patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide range of treatment options such as gonadotropins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and their combination are available as options. Objective: The aim of this review was to evaluate treatment options for the infertile men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (1980-2019) was conducted using the terms ‘hypogonadism’, ‘male infertility’, ‘gonadotropins’, ‘SERMs’ and ‘AIs’. Pathologies leading to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and surgical treatment were discussed. Results: FSH increases spontaneous pregnancy rates but the level of evidence was proven to be low for live birth rates. AIs are valid treatment options for patients with low T/E2 ratio as they significantly increase sperm concentrations. SERMs are recommended for infertile males with a sperm concentration between 10-20 million. Varicocele was reported to increase testosterone levels of hypogonadic infertile males. Conclusion: Medical treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and a combination of these therapies has been showed to have some effect in improvement of fertility but is not mainstream of the treatment.
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