Chassis engineering of E. coli Nissle 1917 for development of live biotherapeutics

Genome-scale studies focus on mapping collections of genes (genotypes) to certain traits (phenotypes).This is done by implementing mutations to specific genes in the genome to study traits related to either loss-of-function or gain-of-function.Information regarding the mutations can be implemented to a new strain in order to engineer mutants that have improvement in a desired phenotype.The process of genome-scale study starts with designing the mutation, proceeds with building new mutants, testing the mutants and learning about mutations that can contribute to improvement of a specific phenotype.Since there are thousands of genes in the genome and each gene can undergo various forms of mutation, it is important to utilize technologies that can function at high throughput when performing genome-scale study.Hence, this article will review and discuss all technologies that can be used to facilitate research in genome-scale studies.