A Straightforward Approach towards Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Multifunctional Nanofiber Membranes with Sustained Drug Release Profiles

Abstract Preventing bacterial infection and controlling the inflammatory response occupy important positions in wound treatment. Although loading wound dressings with antibacterial or anti‐inflammatory drugs/molecules is an effective approach to address these issues, simultaneous sustained release of these drugs remains challenging. Herein, hydrophilic polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGC) and hydrophobic indomethacin (Indo) are loaded in hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers respectively by bidirectional electrospinning to form an antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory PCL‐Indo/PVA‐PHGC wound dressing. The fabricated nanofiber membrane exhibits 100% disinfection activity to both Gram‐negative ( E. coli) and Gram‐positive ( S. aureus ) bacteria because of the release of the broad‐spectrum antibacterial molecule PHGC. Additionally, the loading of Indo in the nanofiber membrane enhances the expression level of IL‐10, while inhibiting those of IL‐6 and TNF‐ α in the RAW264.7 mouse cells. In the interwoven membrane of PCL and PVA fibers, the release of hydrophobic Indo is hindered by hydrophilic PHGC and PVA fibers, and similarly, the release of hydrophilic PHGC is hindered by hydrophobic Indo and PCL fibers. In conclusion, the PCL‐Indo/PVA‐PHGC nanofiber membrane has excellent antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and sustained‐release effects, and thus regulates the immune microenvironment of the cells to potentially promote wound healing.