Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Significance The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 µL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. Through devising an electrochemically enhanced, programmable, and miniaturized iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sensing platform, we demonstrated a method for periodic sweat extraction and in situ analysis. The system can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles, which in combination with the in situ analysis capability allow us to gain real-time insight into the sweat-secretion and gland physiology. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation.