A Simple Approach to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Loading in a Geotechnical Centrifuge

Abstract This article considers an alternative approach for multiplanar loading and multi-degree-of-freedom movement in geotechnical centrifuge model tests. The multi-degree-of-freedom loading system allows for vertical load control on the vertical axis and either displacement or load control on the two horizontal axes, while allowing rotation about these axes. The system is described in detail, and the system performance is validated through results from a centrifuge test comparing observed results with analytical and numerical solutions. The validation of the system considers a mudmat foundation under large amplitude lateral displacement, where two displacement degrees-of-freedom and two rotational degrees-of-freedom were of interest. However, the apparatus is versatile and can be used for testing other foundation types or pipelines, with up to six degrees-of-freedom.