认知
认知心理学
心理学
结合属性
过程(计算)
突出
认知科学
对偶(语法数字)
社会认知
信息处理
模式(计算机接口)
计算机科学
人工智能
人机交互
艺术
纯数学
神经科学
文学类
操作系统
数学
作者
Eliot R. Smith,Jamie DeCoster
标识
DOI:10.1207/s15327957pspr0402_01
摘要
Models postulating 2 distinct processing modes have been proposed in several topic areas within social and cognitive psychology. We advance a new conceptual model of the 2 processing modes. The structural basis of the new model is the idea, supported by psychological and neuropsychological evidence, that humans possess 2 memory systems. One system slowly learns general regularities, whereas the other can quickly form representations of unique or novel events. Associative retrieval or pattern completion in the slow-learning system elicited by a salient cue constitutes the effortless processing mode. The second processing mode is more conscious and effortful; it involves the intentional retrieval of explicit, symbolically represented rulesfrom either memory system and their use to guide processing. After presenting our model, we review existing dual-process models in several areas, emphasizing their similar assumptions of a quick, effortless processing mode that rests on well-learned prior associations and a second, more effortful processing mode that involves rule-based inferences and is employed only when people have both cognitive capacity and motivation. New insights and implications of the model for several topic areas are outlined.
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