Conventional fermentation and countercurrent anaerobic fermentation were studied to compare the effect of producing acids.When substrate concentration VS(volatile solid) was 40 g/L and temperature was 35 ℃,the concentration of VFA(volatile fatty acids) was 3.4 g/L and 2.5 g/L respectively,the production of VFA(gVFA/gVS) was 0.087 and 0.061 respectively for countercurrent fermentation and conventional fermentation.The result showed that the concentration and production of VFA in countercurrent fermentation increased by 40% and 42.6% respectively.The acetic acid proportion in countercurrent and conventional fermentation were 61.5% and 55.7%,an increase of 9.79% in countercurrent fermentation.