Metal-organic framework based nanomaterials: An advanced review of their synthesis and energy storage applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a versatile class of porous materials with enormous potential for various applications, including energy storage devices. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the recent advancements and applications of MOFs in the field of energy storage. We begin by providing a brief overview of the fundamental aspects of MOFs, including their synthesis, structural diversity, and tuneable properties. We then focus on the utilisation of MOFs in advanced energy storage systems with a particular focus on supercapacitors. MOFs can be employed as electrode materials, separators, and catalysts, offering enhanced electrochemical performance, improved charge/discharge rates, and prolonged cycling stability. The unique tunability of MOFs allows for the rational design of tailored materials with desired properties, such as high specific capacity, excellent conductivity, and superior cycling stability. We will further discuss in detail the recent developments in MOF-based electrochemical capacitors, highlighting the significant progress made in achieving high energy and power densities. The exceptional charge storage capacity of MOFs combined with their facile synthesis and scalability make them promising candidates for next-generation energy storage technologies. The review further sheds light on the challenges and opportunities in the practical implementation of MOFs in energy storage devices with an eye on future research and development in the MOFs for energy applications. The manuscript discusses perspectives and future directions and, we believe, the insights presented are timely and will be of particular help to young and early-stage researchers.