RSS and ROS Sequentially Activated Carbon Monoxide Release for Boosting NIR Imaging‐Guided On‐Demand Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract Carbon monoxide shows great therapeutic potential in anti‐cancer. In particular, the construction of multifunctional CO delivery systems can promote the precise delivery of CO and achieve ideal therapeutic effects, but there are still great challenges in design. In this work, a RSS and ROS sequentially activated CO delivery system is developed for boosting NIR imaging‐guided on‐demand photodynamic therapy. This designed system is composed of a CO releaser (BOD‐CO) and a photosensitizer (BOD‐I). BOD‐CO can be specifically activated by hydrogen sulfide with simultaneous release of CO donor and NIR fluorescence that can identify H 2 S‐rich tumors and guide light therapy, also depleting H 2 S in the process. Moreover, BOD‐I generates 1 O 2 under long‐wavelength light irradiation, enabling both PDT and precise local release of CO via a photooxidation mechanism. Such sequential activation of CO release by RSS and ROS ensured the safety and controllability of CO delivery, and effectively avoided leakage during delivery. Importantly, cytotoxicity and in vivo studies reveal that the release of CO combined with the depletion of endogenous H 2 S amplified PDT, achieving ideal anticancer results. It is believed that such theranostic nanoplatform can provide a novel strategy for the precise CO delivery and combined therapy involved in gas therapy and PDT.