Intervertebral disc organ-on-a-chip: an innovative model to study monocyte extravasation during nucleus pulposus degeneration

The intervertebral disc (IVD) organ-on-a-chip is a multi-cellular analytical platform that recapitulates the geometry of the IVD. This bioinspired microsystem mimics monocyte extravasation and enables the study of cell-to-cell paracrine signaling by utilizing chemotaxis.