High-efficiency electrosynthesis of urea over bacterial cellulose regulated Pd–Cu bimetallic catalyst

PdCu/CBC exhibited a remarkable R urea of 763.8 ± 42.8 μg h −1 mg cat. −1 at −0.50 V ( vs. RHE) and an exceptional FE of 69.1 ± 3.8% at −0.40 V ( vs. RHE). Taking advantage of operando spectroscopy characterization, the C–N coupling mechanism was verified.