Lewis acidic W/WO3−x heterostructure-coupled Ir catalysts with low Ir loading for efficient pH-universal water splitting

Different reduction degree tungsten compound supported Ir catalysts, Ir–WO 3− x , Ir–W/WO 3− x , and Ir–W catalysts were designed for full pH water splitting, the Ir–W‖Ir–W electrolyzer shows a low cell voltage of 1.593 V at 10 mA cm −2 in 1.0 M PBS.