Endocrine immune-related adverse event is a prognostic biomarker independent of lead-time bias

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are known to be associated with clinical efficacy and better prognoses in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. In particular, endocrine irAE (e-irAE) is related to better prognoses. Since the incidence of irAEs increase as treatment duration becomes longer, we should consider lead-time bias not to overvalue the result. We evaluated the impact of e-irAE on the outcome before and after 6-, 9-, and 12-week landmark analyses.