Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based prototyping of integrated sensing devices for robust analysis

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as two typical porous topological materials with large specific surface area, high porosity, and abundant structural synthesis and modification methods, have been widely implemented in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, biomedicine, and sensing. This review starts with an overview of the features, types, history, synthesis techniques of MOFs and COFs and their functionalization of target properties. Then it illustrates the advantages of MOFs and COFs in electrochemical, optical and other sensing methods for biological and chemical analysis. More importantly, this review highlights the recent advances of MOFs/COFs-based sensing devices in healthcare and environmental fields including wearable and flexible, microfluidic, and hydrogel sensing devices. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the application of MOFs/COFs in integrated sensing devices are discussed. It is beneficial for researchers to further design and develop novel MOFs/COFs-based integrated and miniaturized sensing devices for point-of-care testing and risk monitoring applications.