A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of electrochemical battery storage systems for power grids

As the world’s population and living standards rise, energy suppliers will face increased electrical energy needs. Furthermore, the European Commission has established a goal to reduce fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Kyoto and Paris Protocols. As a result, governments are more likely to integrate renewable energy into their electricity grids. However, since renewable energy resources are intermittent, power grid systems confront considerable hurdles. By overcoming the intermittency of renewable energy resources, battery storage systems are one way to optimize load and demand. Many studies show that the stored energy can be used in high demand. This may reduce the cost of production in the long run. Energy storage systems can also provide voltage and frequency regulation to power systems when connected to the transmission and/or distribution lines. The application and benefits of battery storage devices in electricity grids are discussed in this study. The pros and disadvantages of various electrochemical batteries, including their structure, energy capacity, and application areas, are compared and summarized and their benefits and drawbacks are included. Finally, the research demonstrates how electrochemical battery technologies and power grids have collaborated.