Thermal Interaction Based on Battery Electrochemical Modeling for In-Wheel Hub Motor Electric Vehicles: A Performance Analysis

<div>As the adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) continues to rise, analyzing their performance under varying environmental conditions that affect energy consumption has become increasingly important. A critical factor influencing the efficiency of BEVs is the heat loss from the operation and interaction between the vehicle components, such as the battery and motor, and the surrounding temperature. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the thermal interaction in BEVs by integrating hub motor vehicle and battery electrochemical model with environmental factors. It explores how ambient temperature variations influence the performance of EV components, particularly the motors and battery systems, in both hot and cold weather conditions. The simulations also consider the passenger comfort inside the cabin as it investigates the effects of operating the air-conditioning system on overall energy consumption, revealing significant energy consumption shifts during extreme ambient temperatures. Results indicate that high ambient temperatures exacerbate energy losses, especially in HVAC systems, while low temperatures significantly affect battery efficiency. By modeling the thermal interactions, this research provides valuable insights into optimizing energy management strategies for EVs under varying environmental conditions, contributing to improved energy efficiency and extended vehicle range.</div>