Bioactive Cyclodepsipeptides from Cocultured Mangrove-Derived Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.

Three new arthrichitin derivatives I–K (1–3) and three known congeners (4–6) were isolated from a coculture of mangrove-derived fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. using 1H NMR-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, ESI-MS/MS), Marfey’s analysis, DP4+ probability, and experimental/computed ECD comparison. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity. Notably, compounds 1 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against MHCC-97H cells (IC50 = 20.1 ± 0.9 and 25.8 ± 0.4 μM, respectively). Compound 4 exhibited potent anti-BPH activity (IC50 = 0.36 ± 0.02 μM).