Iterative Decoding for the Concatenated Code to Correct Nonbinary Insertions/Deletions

The lack of knowledge of the transmitted codeword limits the synchronization capability of the concatenated code,consisting of a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and a watermark code, which is used to correct nonbinary insertion/deletion errors. In order to improve the synchronization error-locating capability of the watermark decoder and further decrease the error probability of the system, an iterative decoding method is presented in which the extrinsic soft information from the LDPC decoder is fed back into the watermark decoder. Simulation results show that, compared with the non- iterative counterpart, significant performance gain is achieved by employing the proposed decoding scheme.