Comparison of Extractive Distillation and Pressure-Swing Distillation for Acetone−Methanol Separation

共沸物 萃取蒸馏 蒸馏 共沸蒸馏 化学 残液 变压吸附 间歇精馏 共沸混合物 连续蒸馏 沸点 聚光镜(光学) 沸腾 甲醇 分馏 热力学 色谱法 有机化学 制冷剂 萃取(化学) 热交换器 吸附 光源 物理 光学
作者
William L. Luyben
出处
期刊:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:47 (8): 2696-2707 被引量:194
标识
DOI:10.1021/ie701695u
摘要

Two of the most common methods for separating a binary homogeneous azeotrope are pressure-swing distillation and extractive distillation. The former is effective if the composition of the azeotrope changes significantly with pressure. The latter method is effective if a suitable solvent can be found. This paper compares the steady-state design and the dynamic control of these two methods when applied to the acetone-methanol binary system. The minimum-boiling azeotrope at 1 atm contains 77.6 mol % acetone at 328 K. At 10 atm the azeotropic composition is 37.5 mol % acetone at 408 K, so pressure-swing separation is feasible. Extractive distillation is also feasible using water as the solvent. Both systems require two distillation columns. Purities of the two products are set at 99.5 mol %. Results show that the extractive distillation system has a 15% lower total annual cost. However, a third component (water) is introduced that appears as trace impurities in both the acetone and methanol products. It is also much more difficult to attain higher purities in the extractive distillation system than in the pressure-swing system because of ternary vapor−liquid equilibrium constraints. The dynamic controllabilities of the two alternative processes are quite similar. Steady-state designs and control structures are also developed for the two methods when the columns are heat integrated. Heat integration is straightforward in the pressure-swing system because the condenser temperature in the high-pressure column is 60 K higher than the base temperature in the low-pressure column. In the extractive distillation system, the pressure in the second solvent recovery column must be increased from 1 to 5 atm to provide the necessary temperature differential driving force.
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