Stabilization treatment of a dispersive clayey soil using granulated blast furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag

Dispersive clays may pose considerable distress if not adequately taken care of. On the other hand, the treatment of problematic soils with waste materials has been recently proved to be a useful option from economic and environmental view point. Hence, in this research, the potential use and effectiveness of dispersive soil stabilization using two types of industrial by-product, including granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) were investigated. The slags were separately added (ranging from 2.5 to 30%) to a laboratory dispersed sample and a set of experiments were performed to study the physicochemical, mechanical and microstructural changes of the stabilized soil. The results indicate that the soil dispersion can be eliminated upon adding 10% BOFS. This is attributed to the exchange of interlayer sodium ions on the clay surfaces by multivalent cations from the agent. Besides, an increase in the ion concentration of soil-additive mixtures induces a more depression of the diffuse double layer that decreases the soil dispersivity potential. With increasing the curing time, an improvement in the strength of composite samples is observed. The formation of cementitious compounds due to the pozzolanic reactions is responsible for such a treatment, as confirmed by the XRD analyses and SEM micrographs. It appears that the GBFS has a lower activity as compared to BOFS, therefore causes less influence on the soil engineering parameters and a higher percentage (20–25%) of GBFS is required to govern soil dispersion. Overall, utilization of the studied slags particularly of BOFS is very effective to overcome the problems associated with dispersive soils.