Glycation of β-lactoglobulin combined by sonication pretreatment reduce its allergenic potential

β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was treated through different ultrasonic power and subsequently glycated with galactose to investigate its structural changes and immunological properties, and then evaluated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and basophil histamine release test. Ultrasonication combined with glycation (UCG) modification significantly reduced the IgE/IgG-binding capacity, and the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine and interleukin-6, accompanied with changes in the secondary and tertiary structures. The decrease in the allergenicity of β-Lg depended not only on the glycation of K47, 60, 83, 91 and 135 within the linear epitopes, but also on the denaturation of conformational epitopes, which was supported by the glycation-induced alterations of the secondary and tertiary structures. This study confirmed that UCG modification is a promising method for decreasing the allergenic potential of allergic proteins, which is likely to develop a practical technology to produce hypo-allergenic milk.