Deep learning is a multilayer neural network learning algorithm which emerged in recent years. It has brought a new wave to machine learning, and making artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction advance with big strides. We applied deep learning to handwritten character recognition, and explored the two mainstream algorithm of deep learning: the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Deep Belief NetWork (DBN). We conduct the performance evaluation for CNN and DBN on the MNIST database and the real-world handwritten character database. The classification accuracy rate of CNN and DBN on the MNIST database is 99.28% and 98.12% respectively, and on the real-world handwritten character database is 92.91% and 91.66% respectively. The experiment results show that deep learning does have an excellent feature learning ability. It don't need to extract features manually. Deep learning can learn more nature features of the data.