HLA-F regulates the proliferation of trophoblast via PKM2-dependent glycolysis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

The reduced expression of HLA-F in placental trophoblast cells resulted in the downregulation of both PKM2 transcription and protein expression. Concurrently, the relative upregulation of lactylation at PKM2 K305 contributed to a decline in enzyme activity, further exacerbating glycolysis dysfunction. Collectively, these alterations led to a suppression of trophoblast proliferation capacity and involvement in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.