计算机科学
人工智能
机器学习
医学影像学
模式识别(心理学)
训练集
监督学习
人工神经网络
作者
Ekin Tiu,Ellie Talius,Pujan R. Patel,Curtis P. Langlotz,Andrew Y. Ng,Pranav Rajpurkar
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41551-022-00936-9
摘要
In tasks involving the interpretation of medical images, suitably trained machine-learning models often exceed the performance of medical experts. Yet such a high-level of performance typically requires that the models be trained with relevant datasets that have been painstakingly annotated by experts. Here we show that a self-supervised model trained on chest X-ray images that lack explicit annotations performs pathology-classification tasks with accuracies comparable to those of radiologists. On an external validation dataset of chest X-rays, the self-supervised model outperformed a fully supervised model in the detection of three pathologies (out of eight), and the performance generalized to pathologies that were not explicitly annotated for model training, to multiple image-interpretation tasks and to datasets from multiple institutions.
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