Gut microbiota and metabolites signatures of clinical response in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy of biliary tract cancer

Patients with BTC receiving immunotherapy have specific alterations in the interactions between microbiota and metabolites. These findings suggest that gut microbiota and metabolites are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-treated BTC.